Time zone history in Europe
38 zones of the tz database have their reference point in Europe. They use 5 different standard times today; the most common is UTC+1, kept by 16 zones. 27 still change their clocks during the year. 11 used daylight saving time at some point since 1970 and no longer do, most recently in 2016. The record with the most changes of standard time since 1970 is Volgograd, with 7 times.
Standard times in use
Every zone, with its clock changes since 1970
The strip shows 1970 to 2028; amber marks years with seasonal clock changes.
| Zone | Standard time | Clock changes today | New standard times since 1970 | 1970 to 2028 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Astrakhan, Russia | UTC+4 | no (last 2010) | 6 | |
| Samara, Russia | UTC+4 | no (last 2010) | 6 | |
| Saratov, Russia | UTC+4 | no (last 2010) | 6 | |
| Ulyanovsk, Russia | UTC+4 | no (last 2010) | 6 | |
| Turkey | UTC+3 | no (last 2016) | 3 | |
| Kirov, Russia | UTC+3 | no (last 2010) | 5 | |
| Belarus | UTC+3 | no (last 2010) | 2 | |
| Moscow, Russia | UTC+3 | no (last 2010) | 4 | |
| Simferopol, Ukraine | UTC+3 | no (last 2013) | 5 | |
| Volgograd, Russia | UTC+3 | no (last 2010) | 7 | |
| Greece | UTC+2 | yes | 0 | |
| Romania | UTC+2 | yes | 0 | |
| Moldova | UTC+2 | yes | 1 | |
| Finland | UTC+2 | yes | 0 | |
| Kaliningrad, Russia | UTC+2 | no (last 2010) | 3 | |
| Kyiv, Ukraine | UTC+2 | yes | 1 | |
| Latvia | UTC+2 | yes | 1 | |
| Bulgaria | UTC+2 | yes | 0 | |
| Estonia | UTC+2 | yes | 1 | |
| Lithuania | UTC+2 | yes | 3 | |
| Andorra | UTC+1 | yes | 0 | |
| Serbia | UTC+1 | yes | 0 | |
| Germany | UTC+1 | yes | 0 | |
| Belgium | UTC+1 | yes | 0 | |
| Hungary | UTC+1 | yes | 0 | |
| Ireland | UTC+1 | yes | 0 | |
| Gibraltar | UTC+1 | yes | 0 | |
| Madrid, Spain | UTC+1 | yes | 0 | |
| Malta | UTC+1 | yes | 0 | |
| France | UTC+1 | yes | 0 | |
| Czech Republic | UTC+1 | yes | 0 | |
| Italy | UTC+1 | yes | 0 | |
| Albania | UTC+1 | yes | 0 | |
| Austria | UTC+1 | yes | 0 | |
| Poland | UTC+1 | yes | 0 | |
| Switzerland | UTC+1 | yes | 0 | |
| Lisbon, Portugal | UTC+0 | yes | 3 | |
| United Kingdom | UTC+0 | yes | 1 |